How do you determine epigenetic (biological rather than chronological) age?
As you age, your epigenome attaches to your DNA and tells it what to do. Each time it does this, it is said to have been ‘marked’. These marks don’t change the DNA sequence but they do change how cells read the DNA.
Methylation is one type of mark, and by identifying and tracking it, we can now get an idea of your genetic age. It can be likened to an instruction manual or cook book telling your body how to make things. For example, if your cells need to create fingernails they will look at the section of your DNA which tells it how to build fingernails. Although the ingredients don’t change over time, the recipe does.
As it changes, it marks the DNA – although the DNA sequence isn’t changed, its operating instructions are, as the epigenome alters the way cells read and use the DNA’s instructions. The genetic ingredients stay the same, but the epigenetic recipe book changes over time, as notes are made, steps skipped or added and pages fray and become harder to distinguish.
Epigenetic markers can also be passed on from cell to cell, and sometimes from parent to child. These epigenetic patterns can change with your environment or lifestyle patterns.
For example, if you are exposed to pollutants or start a new diet or exercise regime they may change for better or worse. The Me & My Health scientists can measure these patterns to determine your age. This means someone whose chronological age is 52 could be 37 or 63 inside, depending on their epigenetics.